Jewel in the Palace Jewel in the Palace

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看《大长今》品中国文化

September 20, 2005

  作为韩国历史上的真实人物,“大长今”是真实存在的。在电视剧《大长今》中,可以看出当时朝鲜半岛受中华文化影响之深,无论是医学、美食、服饰,还是政治制度,都在借鉴博大精深的中华文明,而这一切都在《大长今》中表现得极为细致。

  ■大长今其人

  徐长今在历史上确有其人,她是朝鲜史无前例的女御医,《中宗实录》里记载过她,名字前还加上“大”字,被称为“大长今”。

  公元1506年,燕山君被废黜,流放乔桐。时为晋城大君的成宗嫡长子、燕山君的弟弟、李朝第十一代国主中宗李怿即位。长今于同年进宫。剧中提示,长今进宫时是8岁。故可推断,长今生于1498年,因此,剧集中长今的主要经历贯穿了中宗在位的38年间。

  《李朝鲜国医官散札记》一书,对长今的描写较详尽,用了约250字提及她在针灸和食疗方面的研究。

  《大长今》摆脱了过去所有历史剧题材的窠臼,将中医与美食的精妙文化贯穿在70集的故事中。

  《大长今》最初的剧情始于1482年。这一年,长今的父亲作为内禁卫军官,奉命参与了杀害成宗废妃坡平尹氏的行动,自此陷入了政治斗争的洪流之中。

  长今进宫,正是李朝中宗元年,明朝武宗正德元年,贯穿长今的一生,明朝政治局面更是不容乐观,几十年中四易其主:成化、弘治、正德、嘉靖。但我们看到的剧情是淡化政治的。长今生于野而长于朝,在宫廷斗争的风口浪尖,始终保持着对饮食和医疗的执著精神。围绕她,该剧展开了一幅以饮食和医疗为线索的历史画卷。

  ■美食

  剧中,长今带来的朝鲜美食让人垂涎,而从我国明代开始,写美食的书籍也开始多了起来:如《多能鄙事》、《墨娥小录》、《居家必用事类统编》、《便民图纂》等书的饮食类,更有《易牙遗意》、《宋氏养生部》、《饮食绅言》、《遵生八笺·饮馔服食笺》、《闲情偶寄·饮馔部》等颇有“食疗”意味的书籍。

  长今美食之技法,和当时书中有记载的食法,有异曲同工之处。有一个明显的例子,便是长今惹出祸事的硫磺鸭子。

  “硫磺鸭”大有来头:硫磺属火,鸭子属水,放在一起可以调和阴阳,其制作也十分讲究,先将鸭子的肚子破开,在里面放进人参、糯米、红枣等20多种材料。讲究调和,阴阳搭配。当时明代的徐州,有“养心鸭子”做法,是在鸭子腹中填充金针菇,对高血压有治疗的作用,“硫磺鸭”与此种做法颇有相同之处。

  剧中另一道经典菜式是,长今找到人们毫不在意的梅子,通过腌制,则成了一道非常开胃的酱菜。一饭、一汤和一酱,是那时平民的最基本饮食。梅子做酱菜,被称作创意之举,而当时明代的酱腌种类早就丰富多彩:酱瓜茄、姜,苔,蒲、藕、笋蕨,鲜花、野菜,枸、蒿、蓉、菊等。此种酱菜做法,在当时已经颇为普及。

  ■医学

  长今被流放为官婢之后,师从张德,而当时张德的“工作单位”,是朝鲜政府在民间设立的医疗惠民署,目的就是照顾一般老百姓。这一机构完全是参照明朝的医疗制度设置的。当时,明朝在民间有由官方承办、专为士兵和平民提供医疗服务的惠民药局以及许许多多由私人开办的药店。

  而剧中我们看到,有专为国王和大臣们诊病的内医院,内医院有医女、主簿、内医正、提调等职级。

  剧中,中宗患病,症状类似伤寒,内医院众人无法确诊病情,此时依靠的主要医书,就是东汉大医学家张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》。而国王病历旁的一套书,竟是用中文写的《十药神书》。其实,早在中宗之前,朝鲜李朝政府就重视医药卫生,常聘中国医生前往诊病教授,并派本国医生到中国求教,收集并推广中国医书。古代朝鲜的医学,几乎完全源于中医理论。

  长今初从张德学医,即从“望、闻、问、切”四诊法起详加研习,其擅长的针灸技艺,也是中医精华所在。

  除了医学之外,朝鲜食疗也并非自长今始。朝鲜政府一直鼓励输入中国药材,推行“乡药化”。中国曾应朝鲜请求,把麻黄、甘草、蝎虫等药种子赠给朝鲜,使之引种栽培。这之后,中国的经书、药书、药材仍旧源源不断地传往朝鲜。

  ■历史典故

  长今进宫后迎来的一次攸关前途的考试中,戴周尚宫出了一道难题,回答的正确与否直接影响长今是否能够成为正式宫女。戴周尚宫的问题是:东汉建安二十三年,刘备、诸葛亮进兵汉中,曹操屡败而兵退斜谷,军士请示夜间口令,曹操谕示的口令是什么?年仅八岁的长今不但正确回答出了口令“鸡肋”,而且解释了曹操采用这一口令的心意。中国三国时代的典故,剧中不止一次采用,通过本剧我们还可发现,由于汉文化影响深远,诸葛亮在古代朝鲜同样被视为智慧的化身,地位尊崇。

  另外,《四书》、《五经》、《周易》等在古代朝鲜也是深受读书人推崇。

Stories Palace Food and Recipes in Dae Jang Geum

August 31, 2005

There are two types of palace food: regular food that people eat daily and banquet for special occasions such as celebrations, ceremonies, and treats for guests. Meals served to the king is called “Soo Ra” and the presentation of the food on a table is called Soo Ra Sang.

On Soo Ra Sang, 12 different side dishes cooked in different cooking methods are served. These are a cooked vegetable dish, a fresh vegetable dish, a cold baked dish, stew, preserved food, dry side dish, fermented fish sauce, Jeon Yoo Hwa, poached eggs, raw fish and hot baked dish. In addition to these 12 side dishes, two different types of steamed rice (regular white rice and the one with red beans), three kinds of kimchi (Jutgookji, Songsongee, watery kimchi), two kinds of Jochi (soup:Tojang Jochi and Jutgook Jochi), three kinds of paste-type sauces (soy bean sauce, Chojang, Chogochoojang (sour red pepper paste)), and a steamed dish. In addition to the 12-kind Soo Ra Sang, the drama Dae Jang Geum introduces diverse kinds of palace food, which people have seen rarely and various traditional liquors including Doo Gyeon Joo, Do Hwa Joo and Gook Hwa Joo (made of chrysanthemum).

Source: Dae Jang Geum Theme Park

Min Jung Ho - Real or Fiction?

August 4, 2005

Min Jung Ho in Dae Jang GeumIs he for real?

Min Jung Ho, acted by Ji Jin Hee in Dae Jang Geum (aka Jewel in the Palace) did not actually exist in history of Korea. This fact has been mentioned by the director and script writer of Dae Jang Geum drama.

There are some interesting comments about who seems to be the model of Sir Min in the history of Joseon Dynasty on the Internet. There seems to be 2 person who likely to be able to be be Min Jung-ho’s model in the history? They’re Kwon Ye (1495~1549) and Yi Jang-gon (1474∼?). But they were not Sir Min Jung-ho.

However, it does not mean that there was no Sir Min Jung-ho, as there might be somebody who had the same name, but he most likely was not linkable to Jang Geum.

Dae Jang Geum (Jewel in the Palace) fans in Taiwan went further to actually check the history books about the character of Min Jung Ho, and their conclusion is:

簡單的說, 就是到目前為止, 這裡的網友們, 還沒有辦法從台灣查的到的韓國歷史記載中, 找到閔政浩這個人的影子.

有人去查了當代同副承旨的名單, 沒有看到相似的名字. (但是例如信非, 銀非, 張德, 這類的人卻是真實存在), 而還也沒有任何具體的記載, 歷史上的大長今曾經結婚生子, 等等私人的紀錄.

所以閔政浩的角色, 極有可能完全是編劇編寫出來的人物. 但是我們還持一點點保留的態度, 就是也許有一天能夠親自跟導演或編劇去確認. 因為也許他們手上有比我們更完整的一些韓國的史料.

而也許韓國史料上有一個類似閔政浩這樣經歷的文官, 然後他們自己把兩個人兜在一起? 這些臆測, 在我們真的有機會跟導演他們確認之前, 仍不得而知!

Literally translated as:
In summary, the fans of Dae Jang Geum in Taiwan were unable find the person of Min Jung Ho from materials about history of Korea available in Taiwan.

Somebody checked the record books of ranking officers during the Joseon Dynasty, but couldn’t find the similar name to Min Jung Ho. (But the of Shin Pi, Ying Pi and Jang Deuk did exist). And also there is not history record that Jang Geum happened to be married and gave birth to children, nor other personal history records about Jang Geum.

So the character of Min Jung Ho might be just created by director and script writer, and we need to verify with them personally in future, as may be they have more complete Korea history material than us.

Or may be during the history of Korea, there was somebody similar to Min Jung Ho, and the director and script writer just put them together into the Dae Jang Geum drama? All these guessing, until we verify with them, will remain a guess.

Source: 大長今留言討論 and Chicago Korean Drama Fan Club

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